System and method for determining mobile device location

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented mobile device locating method is provided. The method includes determining a current cell sector of a mobile device and comparing the current cell sector with a cell sector list of previously determined cell sectors. A current location of the mobile device is determined if the current cell sector is not listed in the cell sector list. The current location is compared with a last determined location. The current cell sector is added to the cell sector list if the current location is substantially the same as the last determined location. The cell sector list is cleared if the current location is not substantially the same as the last determined location.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No.61/316,379, filed Mar. 22, 2010, which is incorporated by reference asif fully set forth.

BACKGROUND

On battery powered devices such as mobile phones, using devicepositioning resources such as Global Positioning System (“GPS”),Assisted GPS (“AGPS”), and Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (“AFLT”)can be a significant drain on the battery. In order to provide alocation stream for such a device there are limited numbers of locationdeterminations, referred to in the art as “locates”, which can beperformed before the device battery is drained. In practice this numberis fairly low, with current technologies typically permitting 50-100locates per battery charge, depending on the technology used. Moreover,generating or retrieving location information may use valuablebandwidth, processing and memory resources which are needed for otherfunctions of a mobile device. A telecommunication service provider'snetwork infrastructure may also be burdened by use of bandwidth,processing and memory resources as a result of location operations,especially in the case of network-based location operations.

The state of the art approach of locating a mobile device is to attain amobile device location at a constant rate. This approach however willfrequently require an undesirably long interval between locationdeterminations to conserve power and other system resources, resultingin an undesirable level of latency, especially when the device is inmotion and frequent location updates are necessary. Increasing theconstant rate at which mobile device locations are attained typicallyresults in quick draining of the device battery and overuse of systemresources. It would be desirable to attain location from a mobile devicein a manner which minimizes device power consumption and consumption ofother system resources without causing undesirable level of latency forapplications using such location.

SUMMARY

The invention provides a computer-implemented mobile device locatingmethod. The method includes determining a current cell sector of amobile device and comparing the current cell sector with a cell sectorlist of previously determined cell sectors. A current location of themobile device is determined if the current cell sector is not listed inthe cell sector list. The current location is compared with a priorlocation including a last determined location. The current cell sectoris added to the cell sector list if the current location issubstantially the same as the last determined location. The cell sectorlist is cleared if the current location is not substantially the same asthe last determined location.

The invention further provides a computer-implemented mobile devicelocating method including determining a current location of a mobiledevice at a first predetermined frequency and comparing the currentlocation with one or more prior determined locations to detect alocation change. The current location is determined at a secondpredetermined frequency greater than the first predetermined frequencyfor a predetermined period of time in response to the location change.The current location is determined at the first predetermined frequencyafter the expiration of the predetermined period of time.

The invention further provides a computer-implemented mobile devicelocating method including determining a current location of a mobiledevice at a first predetermined frequency and detecting an externalaction. The current location is determined at the second predeterminedfrequency greater than the first predetermined frequency for apredetermined period of time in response to the external action. Thecurrent location is determined at the first predetermined frequencyafter the expiration of the predetermined period of time.

The invention further provides a computer-implemented mobile devicelocating method including determining a current location of a mobiledevice at a first predetermined frequency for a plurality of days. Thecurrent location is determined at a second predetermined frequencygreater than the first predetermined frequency for a predeterminedperiod of time in response to a current time corresponding to at leastone prior day's time corresponding to a location change. The currentlocation is determined at the first predetermined frequency after theexpiration of the predetermined period of time.

The invention further provides a computer-implemented mobile devicelocating method including receiving from at least one of a user and anapplication at least one of an indication of a time period and anindication of a location. A current location of a mobile device isdetermined at a first predetermined frequency. The current location isdetermined at a second predetermined frequency greater than the firstpredetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time in responseto the current time corresponding to the indication of the time periodor the current location corresponding to the indication of the location.The current location is determined at the first predetermined frequencyafter the expiration of the predetermined period of time.

The invention further provides a mobile device comprising at least onecomputing device including at least one memory comprising instructionsoperable to enable the computing device to perform a procedure. Theprocedure includes determining a current location of a mobile device ata first predetermined frequency and comparing the current location witha prior determined location to detect a location change. The procedurefurther includes determining the current location at a secondpredetermined frequency greater than the first predetermined frequencyfor a predetermined period of time in response to the location change,and determining the current location at the first predeterminedfrequency after the expiration of the predetermined period of time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

The foregoing Summary as well as the following detailed description willbe readily understood in conjunction with the appended drawings whichillustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1A shows a graph of locates per unit time versus unit time for anexample mobile device for which a prior art locating method isimplemented.

FIGS. 1B-1C show graphs of locates per unit time versus unit time for anexample mobile device for which locating methods pursuant to preferredembodiments of the invention are implemented.

FIG. 2 shows a process diagram depicting a mobile device locating methodaccording to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an example landscape including cell sectordepictions and including mobile device locations determined pursuant toa preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the landscape of FIG. 3, including idealizedcell sector depictions and times corresponding to determinations of thecell sectors.

FIG. 5 shows a process diagram depicting a mobile device locating methodaccording to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 shows a process diagram depicting a mobile device locating methodaccording to a third preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows a process diagram depicting a mobile device locating methodaccording to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 8A-8C show a process diagram depicting a mobile device locatingmethod according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 shows a mobile device configured to implement a method accordingto a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a mobile device locating methodaccording to a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing a mobile device locating methodaccording to a seventh preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing a mobile device locating methodaccording to an eighth preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing a mobile device locating methodaccording to an ninth preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

The preferred embodiments of the invention are described below withreference to the drawing figures where like numerals represent likeelements throughout.

Often, mobile device users are relatively stationary throughout most ofthe day. According to the preferred embodiments of the invention,knowledge of stationary behavior can be exploited in order to providebetter location accuracy without locating a mobile device too often.Ideally, for a mobile device at rest, the mobile device needs only to belocated once while the device as at rest, and subsequent queries for thedevice location can be responded to with that resting location, andthereafter, the device does not need to be located again until thedevice starts to move. According to the invention, budgeted power andsystem resources can be conserved when the mobile device is at rest, andthe power and system resources can be re-allocated to locating thedevice when it is moving, giving as accurate a location stream aspossible with a limited available budget for power and other systemresources. The preferred embodiments of the invention minimize power andother system resources allocated for location determination during timeperiods when a mobile device is determined to be static.

FIGS. 1A-1C show graphs of locates per unit time 24 versus unit time 22for a particular mobile device. The graphs include periods of motion 26where the mobile device is moving, and at all other times the particularmobile device is considered substantially motionless. FIG. 1A shows aconstant period line 12 representing a condition in which locates perunit time remain constant regardless of whether or not the mobile deviceis in motion according to a prior art location method. FIG. 1B shows apreferred motion only line 14 representing an idealized conditionaccording to a preferred embodiment of the invention in which locatesper unit time are zero when the particular mobile device is at rest andan increased or maximum value when the mobile device is in motion. Thecondition shown by the motion only line 14 is superior to the constantperiod line 12 with respect to conserving power and system resources.FIG. 1C shows a line 16 representing a condition according to apreferred embodiment of the invention in which locates per unit time areconstant for a duration of time and increase during periods the mobiledevice is in motion or near such periods. The line 16 of FIG. 1C is arepresentation of a non-idealized condition in which locates occur at arelatively low rate when the particular mobile device is not moving andfor a transition period after the mobile device begins motion and priorto detection of motion, and the location rate is increased for at leasta portion of the time when the particular mobile device is in motion andduring a transition period after motion is stopped and prior todetection of the stop. The preferred embodiments of the invention mayfurther correspond to other forms which are not depicted in FIG. 1B or1C.

Referring to FIG. 2, a process diagram depicting a computer-implementedmobile device locating method 100 according to a first preferredembodiment of the invention is shown. The locating method 100 ispreferably implemented by a processor locally on a mobile device. Amobile device 802 suitable for implementing the method 100 via aprocessor 816 is shown in FIG. 9. Alternatively, the locating method 100can be performed using any suitable mobile device or a remote system incommunication with a mobile device via a network. The locating method100 comprises determining a current cell sector of a mobile device (step102) and comparing the current cell sector with a cell sector list ofpreviously determined cell sectors (step 104). The list of previouslydetermined cell sectors is stored in a history database such as thelocation and cell sector history database 820 of the mobile device 802of FIG. 9. If the current cell sector is already listed in the storedcell sector list, the process returns to step 102, and the current cellsector is determined again, after a step 114 corresponding to apredetermined cycling time period ΔT_(x). The cycling time period ΔT_(x)is preferably between 1 and 30 seconds, or alternatively, any periodsuitable for a particular application.

If the current cell sector is not listed in the stored cell sector list,a current location of the mobile device is determined (step 106). Thecurrent location is preferably determined via a query to a locallocation determining resource such as one of the location determiningresources 818 of the mobile device 802. The location determiningresources 818 can include dedicated chipsets, for example a dedicatedGPS, AGPS, or AFLT chipset, or alternatively can be a part of amulti-function chipset, for example a software-enabled mobile deviceCPU. The current location can alternatively be obtained via a query tolocation determining resources of a telecommunication carrier, such as atelecommunication carrier 830, via a network such as a network 860. Thecurrent location is compared with a last determined location stored inthe history database (step 108). If the current location issubstantially the same as the last determined location, the current cellsector is added to the list in the history database (step 110), and theprocess again determines the current cell sector (step 102) after thecycling time period ΔT_(x) of step 114. If the current location is notsubstantially the same as the last determined location the cell sectorlist is first cleared and the current cell sector is thereafter added tothe cleared list (step 112), whereby the current cell sector is the onlylisted cell sector, and the process again determines the current cellsector (step 102) after the cycling time period ΔT_(x) of step 114.Alternatively, location is compared with a plurality of last determinedlocations or one or more prior determined locations determined earlierthan the last determined location, which procedure is useful for examplein cases where mobile device motion between successive cycling timeperiods ΔT_(x) occurs but is not sufficiently substantial to triggerstep 112. The locating method 100 can be performed continually whenactivated by a user or an application, and can be similarly deactivatedby the user or the application. In determining if the location issubstantially the same, a tolerance is preferably introduced such thatif the current location differs only by an insignificant predetermineddistance from the last determined location, the current location isconsidered substantially the same as the last determined location, andstep 112 is not triggered.

Referring to FIG. 3, a plan view of a landscape 60 is shown includingdetermined cell sectors 1 through 9 and determined mobile devicelocations represented by 5 point stars at various times within thesectors 1 through 9. The sectors 1 through 9 in FIG. 3 are shown ascircular with various overlapping portions as is typical in mobile cellenvironments. FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the landscape 60 where thecell sectors 1 through 9 are shown idealized as hexagons and the mobiledevice locations are not shown. In FIG. 4, each of times T1-T19 areshown in a corresponding determined cell sector, and if a locationdetermination is performed at a particular time, the reference numeralis shown in a box. An example of an application of the preferred method100 is shown with reference to the FIGS. 3 and 4 and Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Location Cell Cell Locate/ same as sectors Time sector No Locateprevious? marked T1 1 Locate 1 T2 2 Locate Yes 1, 2 T3 3 Locate Yes 1,2, 3 T4 1 No Locate 1, 2, 3 T5 3 No Locate 1, 2, 3 T6 4 Locate No 4 T7 5Locate No 5 T8 6 Locate Yes 5, 6 T9 1 Locate No 1 T10 2 Locate Yes 1, 2T11 3 Locate Yes 1, 2, 3 T12 1 No Locate 1, 2, 3 T13 7 Locate No 7 T14 8Locate No 8 T15 9 Locate No 9 T16 9 No Locate 9 T17 8 Locate Yes 8, 9T18 9 No Locate 8, 9 T19 7 Locate No 7

Pursuant to the method 100, at an initial time T1 the current cellsector is determined to be cell sector 1 (step 102). The cell sector 1is compared with a cell sector list of previously determined cellsectors (step 104), which cell sector list is empty since the processbegins at initial time T1, and there are no prior determined cellsectors. Accordingly, the cell sector 1 is not listed, and the currentlocation is determined (step 106), as indicated by the star withcorresponding T1, T2, T3 label in FIG. 3. The current location iscompared with a last determined location stored in the history database(step 108). Since the process begins at initial time T1, no priorlocation is stored and the cell sector 1 is added to the list in thehistory database (step 110), and after the cycling time period ΔT_(x)(step 114), the current cell sector is determined to be cell sector 2(step 102). The cell sector 2 is compared with the cell sector list ofpreviously determined cell sectors (step 104), which cell sector listincludes only cell sector 1. Since the cell sector 2 is not listed, thecurrent location is determined (step 106) as indicated by the star withcorresponding T1, T2, T3 label in FIG. 3, which location is comparedwith the last determined location stored in the history database (step108). Since the location at time T2 is the same as the location at theprevious time T1, the cell sector 2 is added to the list in the historydatabase (step 110), and after the cycling time period ΔT_(x) (step114), the current cell sector is determined to be cell sector 3 (step102). Since the cell sector 3 is not listed, the current location isdetermined (step 106) as indicated by the star with corresponding T1,T2, T3 label in FIG. 3. Since the location at time T3 is the same as thelocation at the previous time T2, the cell sector 3 is added to the listin the history database (step 110). At time T4 the current cell sectoris determined to be cell sector 1 (step 102), which cell sector islisted, and therefore no location is determined. At time T5 the currentcell sector is determined to be cell sector 3 (step 102), which cellsector is listed, and therefore no location is determined.

At time T6 the current cell sector is determined to be cell sector 4(step 102). Since the cell sector 4 is not listed, the current locationis determined (step 106) as indicated by the star with corresponding T6label in FIG. 3, which location is compared with the last determinedlocation stored in the history database (step 108). Since the locationat time T6 is not the same as the location at the previous time T5, thecell sector list is cleared and the cell sector 4 is added to thecleared list in the history database (step 112). At time T7 the currentcell sector is determined to be cell sector 5 (step 102). Since the cellsector 5 is not listed, the current location is determined (step 106) asindicated by the star with corresponding T7, T8 label in FIG. 3, whichlocation is compared with the last determined location stored in thehistory database (step 108). Since the location at time T7 is not thesame as the location at the previous time T6, the cell sector list iscleared and the cell sector 5 is added to the cleared list in thehistory database (step 112). Since the location at time T8 is the sameas the location at the previous time T7, the cell sector 6 is added tothe list in the history database (step 110), such that for time T8, thecell sector list includes cell sectors 5 and 6. The method 100 isperformed for the remaining times T9-T19 as shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 3and 4.

Determining a cell sector is typically a process requiring low power andsystem resources. If the mobile device is a cellular phone, cell sectorinformation is already needed for proper functionality, and thereforeaccessing it does not require significant extra battery draw.Accordingly, linking determination of location to changes in cell sectoras set forth in the method 100 according to a preferred embodiment ofthe invention is effective in conserving such power and systemresources. When in motion, a phone will cross cell sector boundariesoften, and therefore using cell sector information will providereasonable detection latency. As shown in the example above, when acellular phone is stationary it may also switch cell sectors.Accordingly, a cell sector change alone does not necessarily indicate amobile device is in motion. In a typical mobile environment, the cellswhich are seen by a stationary device, are limited, normally 2-3, and inpractice a cellular phone or other mobile device does not have to movefar before crossing into a cell sector it would not have seen whilestationary.

Cell sector data is not the only EMF signal data that can be passivelymonitored while expending low power and using minimal resources. If adevice has wireless networking capabilities, such as Wi-Fi™ orBluetooth™, changes in those sources can be detected and used to checkif the device has started moving. For instance, a mobile deviceconfigured to detect a Wi-Fi™, Bluetooth™, or Zigbee™ protocol signal,or a signal corresponding to other suitable protocol, can use changes inthe signal source to trigger location determinations. In the samefashion, location determinations can be triggered if a mobile device isnear multiple signal sources and the relative signal strengths of thosesources change.

It would also be desirable to determine location in the absence of anychange in cell sector to account for situations where a mobile device ismoving but no change occurs in the cell sector in communication with themobile device. Referring to FIG. 5, a process diagram depicting acomputer-implemented mobile device locating method 200 according to asecond preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The method 200includes steps 102-114 which function as discussed above with referenceto the method 100 of the first preferred embodiment of the inventiondepicted in FIG. 2. The method 200 further includes a generally parallelprocess in which a current location of the mobile device is continuallydetermined (step 116) after predetermined cycling time periods ΔT_(y)(step 120). The predetermined the cycling time period ΔT_(y) ispreferably greater than the predetermined cycling time period ΔT_(x) toavoid overuse of system resources associated with determination oflocation. Preferably, the cycling time period ΔT_(y) is about 1 to 12minutes. The current location determined in step 116 is compared with alast determined location stored in the history database (step 118). Ifthe current location is the same as the last determined location, theprocess again determines the current location (step 116) after thecycling time period ΔT_(y) of step 120. If the current locationdetermined in step 116 is not the same as the last determined location,the cell sector list is cleared and the current cell sector determinedin step 102 is thereafter added to the cleared list (step 112), andthereafter the process returns to steps 114 and 120. The method 200allows for determining location in the absence of any change in cellsector to account for a situation where a mobile device is moving but nochange occurs in the cell sector in communication with the mobiledevice. Since ΔT_(x) is preferably less than ΔT_(y), the method 200allows for more rapid location determination when cell sector changesoccur, whereby location determination occurs more frequently when actualmobile device motion occurs.

Referring to FIG. 6, a process diagram depicting a computer-implementedmobile device locating method 300 according to a third preferredembodiment of the invention is shown. The method 300 includes steps102-110 and 116-120 which function substantially as discussed above withreference to the methods 100 and 200 of the first and second preferredembodiments of the invention, depicted in FIGS. 2 and 5 respectively.The method 300 is divided into a first process 301 and second process302. If the current location is not the same as the last determinedlocation by the comparison in either step 108 or step 118, process 301is stopped, the cell sector list is cleared and the current cell sectoris thereafter added to the cleared list (step 124), whereby the currentcell sector is the only listed cell sector. The method 300 continues tostep 128 and step 138 of process 302, which steps define cycling timeperiods ΔT_(x′) and ΔT_(y′) respectively.

The cycling time period ΔT_(x′), like time period ΔT_(x) of step 114, ispreferably between 1 and 30 seconds, or alternatively, a period suitablefor a particular application. After the cycling time period ΔT_(x′), thecurrent cell sector is determined (step 130). The current cell sector iscompared with the list of previously determined cell sectors (step 132).If the cell sector is listed, the process returns to the cycling timeperiod ΔT_(x′) of step 128. If the cell sector is not listed, thecurrent cell sector is added to the list of previously determined cellsectors (step 134), the end moving time stamp T_(z) is extended by atime period ΔT_(z) (step 136), and the process returns to the cyclingtime period ΔT_(x′) (step 128).

The cycling time period ΔT_(y′) is less than the cycling time periodΔT_(y) to allow for more frequent location determination during timeswhen the mobile device is perceived to be in motion. Preferably thecycling time period ΔT_(y′) is about 1/10 to ½ the cycling time periodΔT_(y). The cycling time period ΔT_(y′) is preferably variable dependingon an estimated average velocity of the mobile device, which ispreferably determined based on the distance between determinedlocations, the time between determined locations, and known paths alongwhich a mobile device user is likely to travel. The ΔT_(y′) ispreferably relatively shorter when relatively faster velocities of themobile device are estimated, and ΔT_(y′) can be adjusted after eachlocation determination or after a predetermined number of locationdeterminations.

After the cycling time period ΔT_(y′), the current location of themobile device is determined (step 140), and the current location iscompared with a last determined location of the mobile device (step142). If the current location is the same as the last determinedlocation, or alternatively one or more prior locations, a current timeis compared with the end moving time stamp T_(z). If the current time,preferably corresponding to the mobile device clock time, is not laterthan the end moving time stamp, the process returns to the cycling timeperiod ΔT_(y′) (step 138). If the cycling time period ΔT_(y′) is veryshort and/or the speed of the mobile device is very slow, it ispreferable to compare the current location with more than one of thelast determined locations, for example the last three locations, or oneor more earlier determine locations, since it may be impractical basedon the precision of the location determining resource to deduce if themobile device has ceased motion under such conditions. Further, it maybe undesirable to make a determination that the current location is thesame as a prior determined location if in fact the mobile device is onlystopped for a brief period at a current time.

If the current time is later than the end moving time stamp, the secondprocess 302 is stopped, the cell sector list is cleared and the currentcell sector is added to the list (step 146), after which the firstprocess 301 is restarted at steps 114 and 120. If in the comparison atstep 142 the current location is determined not to be the same as thelast determined location, the cell sector list is cleared and thecurrent cell sector is thereafter added to the list (step 144), afterwhich, the end moving time stamp T_(z) is extended by a time periodΔT_(z) (step 146), and the process returns to the cycling time periodΔT_(y′) (step 128). As, shown, the second process 302 of the method 300potentially allows for location determination of higher frequency thanthe first process 301 until a current time is later than the end movingtime stamp T_(z). The end moving time stamp T_(z) is extended (steps136, 146) in response to determined changes in cell sector (step 132)and determined changes in location (step 142) to increase the likelihoodthat the mobile device is not in motion before returning to the firstprocess 301. As shown, the first process 301 corresponds to the cyclingtime period ΔT_(y) which is longer than the cycling period ΔT_(y′), andaccordingly, it is preferred that the second process 302 is active fortimes when the mobile device is in motion.

As described above, the first process 301 corresponds to a processactive at a time where there is a relatively high probability that themobile device is static, described hereinafter as a static stateprocess. The second process 302 corresponds to a process active at atime where there is a relatively high probability that the mobile deviceis in motion, described hereinafter as a mobile state process. It ispreferable to minimize determination of location during the static stateprocess to conserve mobile device power and other resources for use inthe mobile state process.

Locating at a high frequency when a device is moving while maintaining alow number of locates overall for a given period of time is onlypossible if the device spends large amounts of time stationary. If adevice spends a significant amount of time mobile, locating at a highfrequency may not be feasible. It is preferable to protect against sucha situation by reducing the polling frequency should the mobile devicestay mobile too long. Cycling period ΔT_(y′) is preferably variable andis lengthened after a predetermined period of time in which the secondprocess 302 is active to conserver resources. Further, if a mobiledevice's battery charge is low, the cycling periods ΔT_(y′), ΔT_(y), andΔT_(x) are preferably lengthened, as it is better to get slightly worsedata than no data at all, which is what may occur if a mobile device'sbattery is drained. It is also preferable to decrease the cycling periodΔT_(y) as a compensation measure based on failure to detect cell sectorchanges or in areas where cell sector state change latency is poor, suchas in rural areas with sparsely located cell sites.

Referring to FIG. 7, a process diagram depicting a computer-implementedmobile device locating method 400 according to a fourth preferredembodiment of the invention is shown. The method 400 includes steps102-114 and 116-120 which function substantially as discussed above withreference to the methods 100, 200 and 300 of the first, second and thirdpreferred embodiments of the invention, depicted in FIGS. 2, 5 and 6respectively. The method 400 is divided into a first process 401 andsecond process 402.

If the current location is determined at the step 118 to be the same asa last determined location, the process continues to step 121 to comparea current time with past location changes stored in the historydatabase. If the current time, preferably the mobile device clock time,corresponds with a location change which occurred at a prior date or aplurality of prior dates, the process continues to step 124 in which thefirst process 401 is stopped, the cell sector list is cleared, thecurrent cell sector is added to the list, and the end moving time stampTz is set. A current time can correspond to a prior date's time when itis a predetermined length of time before the prior date's or dates' timeor substantially equals the prior date's or dates' time. Preferably, ifthe history database indicates a pattern of location change on aparticular day at a particular time, the process continues to step 124when the current time corresponds to the particular time, whereby thesecond process 402 is started corresponding to the more frequentlocation determinations resulting from the shorter ΔT_(y′) at step 138.Similarly, for times during a week when the history database indicatesthat the mobile device is typically static, decreased frequency locationpolling can be applied corresponding to a longer ΔT_(y) or ΔT_(x).

In one example of an application of step 121, if the history databaseindicates that on four preceding weekdays Wednesday, Tuesday, Monday andFriday, excluding weekend days Sunday and Saturday, the mobile devicewas in motion at various times between 6:00 pm and 8:00 pm, and if thecurrent time is near or between 6:00 pm and 8:00 pm on a Thursday, theprocess continues to step 124 where the end moving time stamp is set forapproximately two hours from the current time, or alternatively untilapproximately 8:00 pm, to permit increased frequency location pollingduring periods when motion is likely to occur. In another example of anapplication of step 121, if the history database indicates that on eachThursday and Friday a location change occurs between the hours of 2:00pm and 3:00 pm, but there is no pattern of location change for otherdays of the week between 2:00 pm and 3:00 pm, and if the current time isnear or between 2:00 pm and 3:00 pm on a Thursday or Friday, the processcontinues to step 124 where the end moving time stamp is set forapproximately one hour from the current time, or alternatively untilapproximately 3:00 pm, to permit increased frequency location pollingduring periods when motion is likely to occur. Since mobile users oftenhave fixed schedules, for example set times to arrive at work on Mondaythrough Friday, set times to have lunch, and set days without work suchas Saturday and Sunday, the location history is helpful for schedulingmore frequent location determinations at times which the locationhistory suggests are likely to correspond to the mobile device being inmotion.

Alternatively, a user can input times when or locations where it isdesired to have more frequent location polling, which data can be usedto be used in step 121 in triggering the second process 302.Alternatively, a user can input times when or locations where it isdesired to have less frequent location polling. A location stream isonly useful if there is a consumer of that stream, either a person oranother application. It is possible that a consumer, herein described asa user, is more interested in certain situations than others. If theuser is desirous to determine if the device has entered a certain area,it is more important to get accurate location data when the device isnear the area boundary than if the mobile device is very far away fromthe area of interest. Alternatively, the user may need better locationduring a specific time period. The mobile device database, such as themobile device database 820 of the mobile device 802, can receive a listof geographic areas or time periods, which can be broad or specific, andan associated location priority. Polling frequency can be set based onthe priority with greater polling frequency corresponding to greaterpriority associated with a location or time period. While monitoringnetwork activity is typically not as resource intensive as activatinglocation resources such as GPS systems, monitoring network activity doeshave a resource cost, therefore it is preferably to transmit locationand time priority data to a device efficiently. In a preferredembodiment, a message, such as an SMS, is sent to a mobile device suchas the mobile device 802 with instructions for the device to connect toa server to receive a new set of location and time priority data.Alternatively, at times the mobile device is in communication with thelocation stream consumer or user, the consumer or user can provide inputwith instructions for the device to retrieve new priority data. Forexample, a remote application server 832 can provide support for anapplication executed by the mobile device 802 via the network 860.

Step 124 is further triggered by detection of an external action uponthe mobile device (step 123). The detection of the external action instep 123 preferably includes the detection of light or other radiationon the mobile device by a light sensor such as the light sensor 812 onthe mobile device 802 of FIG. 9. The detection of the external actionpreferably further can include the detection of acceleration or motionof the mobile device by a motion sensor, which is preferably anaccelerometer, such as the motion sensor 814 on the mobile device 802.As shown, detection of an external action results in activation of thesecond process 402 corresponding to the more frequent locationdeterminations resulting from the shorter cycling period ΔT_(y′) of step138. Preferably, in a step 143, if an external action is detected duringthe second process 402, the process continues to step 144, clearing thecell sector list, adding the current cell sector to the cleared list andsubsequently extending the end moving time stamp T_(z) (step 146).

Preferably acceleration and radiation data is filtered such that acertain predetermined threshold of incident acceleration and radiationis required in step 123, so an insignificant input will not cause atrigger of step 124. Acceleration data is preferably analyzed todetermine whether acceleration corresponds to a user walking, whereinwalking motion does not trigger a location determination, oralternatively triggers a location determination at a low frequency sincewalking may not be an indicator of a prospective significant locationchange. Gradual changes in incident radiation, for example correspondingto changes in times of day, preferably do not trigger locationdetermination or changes in frequency of location determination.

The detection of an external action in the step 123 can further includedetection of when a mobile device is plugged into an external powersource. When an external power source is connected to the mobile device,battery drain is not typically relevant. The mobile device can belocated periodically at the relatively shorter cycling period ΔT_(y′),or alternatively a cycling period shorter than ΔT_(y′) or even asubstantially constant location feed if supported by the locationresource, without the adversely affecting a device battery charge. If itis determined in step 142 that location remains the same for apredetermined period of time, stationary locations may be thrown outrather than added to the location stream. This way, the mobile devicecan limit its usage of other resources such as storage space or networkbandwidth.

Preferably, the mobile device according to the invention is enabled fordetection of whether the external power source is stationary, such ashousehold line power, or mobile, such as a automobile power source. Ifthe detection of the external action indicates that the mobile device isconnected to a stationary external power source, no acceleration of thecycling period ΔT_(y′) results and periodic determination of thelocation of the device based on periods ΔT_(y) and ΔT_(y′) can bereduced or stopped altogether until the stationary power source isdisconnected, since it is reasonable to assume that a device that isattached to a stationary power source will stay stationary, as powercords are limited in length. It is preferred that periodic determinationof the location of the device is stopped or reduced in frequency if thedevice is connected to a stationary power source and the device returnsa stationary location for a continued period of time. Moreover, if it isdetected that a device is unplugged from a power source whether mobileor stationary, it is preferable to determine the location of the deviceat a relatively high rate a predetermined number of times in the nearfuture after the device is unplugged since unplugging of a mobile devicemay be a sign that the mobile device is about to change location.

Referring to FIGS. 8A-8C, a process diagram depicting acomputer-implemented mobile device locating method 500 according to afifth preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The method 500includes steps which function substantially as discussed above withreference to the method 400 of the fourth preferred embodiments of theinvention, depicted in FIG. 7. The method 500 is divided into a firstprocess 501 and a second process 502. Step 123 is not included in FIG.8A, and detailed external action processes are included in FIGS. 8B and8C respectively corresponding to a motion detection process 600 and alight detection process 700 performed integral with the first process501.

It is determined in a step 604 whether acceleration of the mobile deviceis detected. If no acceleration is detected, a cycling time periodΔT_(a) is invoked (step 602) and step 604 is repeated until accelerationis detected. If acceleration is detected, it is preferably determined ifthe acceleration meets predetermined criteria (step 606). Thepredetermined criteria can include that the acceleration does notcorrespond to walking motion or that the acceleration generallycorresponds to a predetermined magnitude, duration and/or period. If theacceleration does not meet the predetermined criteria, the processreturns to the cycling time period ΔT_(a) (step 602). If theacceleration does meet the predetermined criteria, a current location isdetermined (step 608), and the current location is compared with thelast determined location, or alternatively, a plurality of previouslydetermined locations (step 610). If it is determined that the locationis the same as the last determined location, or alternatively, theplurality of previously determined locations, the process returns to thecycling time period ΔT_(a) (step 602). If it is determined that thelocation is not the same as the last determined location, oralternatively the plurality of previously determined locations, theprocess continues to step 124 and continues to the second process 502corresponding to accelerated location polling.

It is determined in a step 702 whether light is detected. If light isdetected, a cycling time period ΔT_(r) (step 704) is invoked, and step702 is repeated until light is no longer detected. If light is notdetected, a cycling time period ΔT_(m) is invoked (step 706) after whichlight is detected again (step 708). If light is not detected in step708, the cycling time period ΔT_(m) (step 706) is again invoked, andstep 708 is repeated until light is detected. If light is detected instep 708, a current location is determined (step 710) and the currentlocation is compared with the last determined location, oralternatively, a plurality of previously determined locations (step712). If it is determined that the location is the same as the lastdetermined location, or alternatively, the plurality of previouslydetermined locations, the process returns to the cycling time periodΔT_(r) (step 704). If it is determined that the location is not the sameas the last determined location, or alternatively, the plurality ofpreviously determined locations, the process returns to step 124 andcontinues to the second process 502 corresponding to acceleratedlocation polling.

Referring to FIG. 10, a flow chart depicting a mobile device locatingmethod 900 according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention isshown. The method 900 includes determining a current location of amobile device at a first predetermined frequency (step 902). The currentlocation is compared with a prior determined location to detect alocation change (step 904). The current location is determined at asecond predetermined frequency greater than the first predeterminedfrequency for a predetermined period of time which defines an end movingtime stamp in response to the location change (step 906), and thecurrent location is determined at the first predetermined frequencyafter the expiration of the predetermined period of time (step 908).Preferably, the value of the second predetermined frequency is set basedon the distance between the current location and the prior determinedlocation, which is preferably the last determined location, wherein agreater distance corresponds to a greater second predeterminedfrequency, whereby if the mobile device is moving at a high rate, thelocation determinations will occur more frequently to maintain theaccuracy of the location information. During the predetermined period oftime prior to the end moving time stamp, the value of secondpredetermined frequency preferably changes based on each substantialdetermined change in distance between the current location and the lastdetermined location, whereby increases in a rate of travel of the mobiledevice will typically result in increases in the second predeterminedfrequency. Further, during the predetermined period of timecorresponding to the end moving time stamp, the predetermined period oftime is preferably extended with each determined change in the currentlocation, whereby the end moving time stamp is extended with eachdetermination that the current location is not substantially the same asthe prior determined location.

Referring to FIG. 11, a flow chart depicting a mobile device locatingmethod 1000 according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the inventionis shown. The method 1000 includes determining a current location of amobile device at a first predetermined frequency (step 1002). Anexternal action is detected (step 1004). The current location isdetermined at a second predetermined frequency greater than the firstpredetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time which definesan end moving time stamp in response to the external action (step 1006),and the current location is determined at the first predeterminedfrequency after the expiration of the predetermined period of time (step1008). During the predetermined period of time corresponding to the endmoving time stamp, the predetermined period of time is preferablyextended with each detected external action. Detecting the externalaction can include receiving an indication from a light sensor of achange in a level of incident radiation on the mobile device orreceiving an indication from a motion detector of an acceleration of themobile device.

Referring to FIG. 12, a flow chart depicting a mobile device locatingmethod 1100 according to an eighth preferred embodiment of the inventionis shown. The method 1100 includes determining a current location of amobile device at a first predetermined frequency for a plurality of days(step 1102). The current location is determined at a secondpredetermined frequency greater than the first predetermined frequencyfor a predetermined period of time which defines an end moving timestamp in response to a current time being substantially equal to atleast one prior day's time corresponding to a location change (step1104). Alternatively, the current location is determined at the secondpredetermined frequency in response to a current time being apredetermined length of time earlier than at least one prior day's time.Alternatively, the current location is determined at the secondpredetermined frequency in response to a current time beingsubstantially equal to or a predetermined length of time prior to apredetermined range of time including the at least one prior day's time,which preferably includes a plurality of prior day's times which definethe range. Alternatively, the current location is determined at thesecond predetermined frequency in response to a current time beingsubstantially equal to or a predetermined length of time earlier than auser-specified or application-specified time period. Alternatively, thecurrent location is determined at the second predetermined frequency inresponse to a current location corresponding to a user-specified orapplication-specified location or a predetermined distance from theuser-specified or application-specified location. The mobile device orother system implementing the method 1100 is preferably configured toreceive user-specified and application-specified time periods andlocations from a local source or from a remote source via a networkconnection, such as via the network 860 connecting the remoteapplication server 832 to the mobile device 802. The current location isdetermined at the first predetermined frequency after the expiration ofthe predetermined period of time (step 1106).

Referring to FIG. 13, a flow chart depicting a mobile device locatingmethod 1200 according to a ninth preferred embodiment of the inventionis shown. The method 1200 includes detecting a change in a source ofsignals corresponding to a predetermined protocol received by a mobiledevice (step 1202), or alternatively, a change in a strength of signalscorresponding to a predetermined protocol received by the mobile device.A current location of the mobile device is determined in response todetecting the change in a source of signals corresponding to thepredetermined protocol received by the mobile device (step 1204), oralternatively, in response to the change in the strength of signalscorresponding to the predetermined protocol received by the mobiledevice. The change in the source of or the strength of the signalscorresponding to the predetermined protocol may be indicative of a cellsector change, and a cell sector change can be detected based on thedetected signal source change or signal strength change, and the currentlocation of the mobile device can be determined based on the detectedcell sector change. The predetermined protocol can alternativelycorrespond to any suitable wireless protocol including but not limitedto Wi-Fi™, Bluetooth™, and Zigbee™.

While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described indetail above, the invention is not limited to the specific embodimentsdescribed above, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Furthermodifications and extensions of the present invention may be developed,and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of thepresent invention as defined by the appended claims.

1. A computer-implemented mobile device locating method comprising: (a)determining a current cell sector of a mobile device; (b) comparing thecurrent cell sector with a cell sector list of previously determinedcell sectors; (c) determining a current location of the mobile device ifthe current cell sector is not listed in the cell sector list; (d)comparing the current location with at least one prior determinedlocation comprising a last determined location; (e) adding the currentcell sector to the cell sector list if the current location issubstantially the same as the last determined location; (f) clearing thecell sector list if the current location is not substantially the sameas the last determined location; and (g) repeating steps (a)-(f) after afirst predetermined period of time.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising in the step (f) adding the current cell sector to the cellsector list after the clearing of the cell sector list.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: (h) determining the current location of themobile device; (i) comparing the current location with the lastdetermined location; (j) clearing the cell sector list if the currentlocation is not substantially the same as the last determined location;and (k) repeating steps (h)-(j) after a second predetermined period oftime greater than the first predetermined period of time.
 4. The methodof claim 3, further comprising in the step (j), adding the current cellsector to the cell sector list after the clearing of the cell sectorlist.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein step (g) comprises continuallyrepeating steps (a)-(f) after the first predetermined period of time,and step (k) comprises continually repeating steps (h)-(j) after thesecond predetermined period of time.
 6. The method of claim 3, whereinstep (g) comprises continually repeating steps (a)-(f) after the firstpredetermined period of time, and step (k) comprises continuallyrepeating steps (h)-(j) after the second predetermined period of timeuntil the current location is not substantially the same as the lastdetermined location, the method further comprising: (l) setting an endmoving time stamp if the current location is not substantially the sameas the last determined location; (m) determining the current locationafter a third predetermined period of time less than the secondpredetermined period of time; (n) clearing the cell sector list andextending the end moving time stamp by a fourth predetermined period oftime if the current location is not substantially the same as the lastdetermined location; (o) comparing a current time with the end movingtime stamp; and (p) repeating steps (l)-(o) until the current timeexceeds the end moving time stamp, and repeating steps (h)-(k) if thecurrent time exceeds the end moving time stamp.
 7. The method of claim6, further comprising: (q) determining the current cell sector after afifth predetermined period of time; (r) comparing the current cellsector with the cell sector list; and (s) adding the current cell sectorto the cell sector list and extending the end moving time stamp by asixth predetermined period of time if the current cell sector is notlisted; wherein step (p) comprises repeating steps (l)-(o) and (q)-(s)until the current time exceeds the end moving time stamp.
 8. The methodof claim 7, further comprising in the step (n) adding the current cellsector to the cell sector list after the clearing of the cell sectorlist.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined periodof time is substantially equal to the fifth predetermined period oftime.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the fourth predetermined periodof time is substantially equal to the sixth predetermined period oftime.
 11. The method of claim 3, wherein step (g) comprises continuallyrepeating steps (a)-(f) after the first predetermined period of time,and step (k) comprises continually repeating steps (h)-(j) after thesecond predetermined period of time until an indication of an externalaction is generated, the method further comprising: (l) setting an endmoving time stamp if an indication of an external action is generated;(m) determining the current location after a third predetermined periodof time less than the second predetermined period of time; (n) clearingthe cell sector list and extending the end moving time stamp by a fourthpredetermined period of time if the current location is notsubstantially the same as the last determined location; (o) comparing acurrent time with the end moving time stamp; and (p) repeating steps(l)-(o) until the current time exceeds the end moving time stamp, andrepeating steps (a)-(f) and (h)-(k) if the current time exceeds the endmoving time stamp.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication ofan external action comprises at least one of an indication from anaccelerometer that the mobile device is accelerating and an indicationfrom a light sensor of a change in a level of incident radiation on themobile device.
 13. The method of claim 3, wherein step (g) comprisescontinually repeating steps (a)-(f) after the first predetermined periodof time, and step (k) comprises continually repeating steps (h)-(j)after the second predetermined period of time until a current timesubstantially corresponds to a prior day's time which substantiallycorresponds to a location change, the method further comprising: (l)setting an end moving time stamp if the current time substantiallycorresponds to the prior day's time substantially corresponding to thelocation change; (m) determining the current location after a thirdpredetermined period of time less than the first predetermined period oftime; (n) clearing the cell sector list and extending the end movingtime stamp by a fourth predetermined period of time if the currentlocation is not substantially the same as the last determined location;(o) comparing a current time with the end moving time stamp; and (p)repeating steps (l)-(o) until the current time exceeds the end movingtime stamp, and repeating steps (a)-(f) and (h)-(k) if the current timeexceeds the end moving time stamp.
 14. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: (c1) receiving an indication from an accelerometer that themobile device is at least one of accelerating and moving; and (c2)determining the current location of the mobile device in response to theindication that the mobile device is at least one of accelerating andmoving.
 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (c1) receiving anindication from a light sensor of a change in a level of incidentradiation on the mobile device; and (c2) determining the currentlocation of the mobile device in response to the indication from thelight sensor.
 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (c1)identifying and saving times corresponding to location changes; (c2)determining the current location of the mobile device in response to acurrent time being substantially equal to a prior day's timecorresponding to a location change.
 17. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: in step (d) comparing the current location with a pluralityof last determined locations; in step (e) adding the current cell sectorto the cell sector list if the current location is substantially thesame as the plurality of last determined locations; and in step (f)clearing the cell sector list if the current location is notsubstantially the same as the plurality of last determined locations.18. A computer-implemented mobile device locating method comprising:determining a current location of a mobile device at a firstpredetermined frequency; comparing the current location with at leastone prior determined location to detect a location change; determiningthe current location at a second predetermined frequency greater thanthe first predetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time inresponse to the location change; and determining the current location atthe first predetermined frequency after the expiration of thepredetermined period of time.
 19. The method of claim 18, furthercomprising: determining a distance between the current location and theat least one prior determined location; setting a value of the secondpredetermined frequency based on the distance between the currentlocation and the at least one prior determined location, wherein agreater distance corresponds to a greater second predeterminedfrequency.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising during thepredetermined period of time resetting the value of second predeterminedfrequency based on a change in the distance between the current locationand the at least one prior determined location, wherein a greaterdistance corresponds to a greater second predetermined frequency. 21.The method of claim 18, further comprising during the predeterminedperiod of time, extending the predetermined period of time based onanother location change.
 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:detecting an external action; and determining the current location at asecond predetermined frequency greater than the first predeterminedfrequency for a predetermined period of time in response to the externalaction.
 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one priordetermined location comprises a last determined location.
 24. The methodof claim 18, wherein the at least one prior determined locationcomprises a plurality of last determined locations.
 25. The method ofclaim 18, further comprising determining the current location at a thirdpredetermined frequency greater than the first predetermined frequencyfor a predetermined period of time in response to a current time beingsubstantially equal to at least one prior day's time corresponding to alocation change.
 26. The method of claim 18, further comprisingdetermining the current location at the second predetermined frequencyfor the predetermined period of time in response to detection of a cellsector change of the mobile device.
 27. The method of claim 18, furthercomprising determining the current location at the second predeterminedfrequency for the predetermined period of time in response to at leastone of a detection of a change in a source of signals corresponding to apredetermined protocol received by the mobile device and detection of achange in a strength of signals corresponding to a predeterminedprotocol received by the mobile device.
 28. A computer-implementedmobile device locating method comprising: determining a current locationof a mobile device at a first predetermined frequency; detecting anexternal action; determining the current location at a secondpredetermined frequency greater than the first predetermined frequencyfor a predetermined period of time in response to the external action;and determining the current location at the first predeterminedfrequency after the expiration of the predetermined period of time. 29.The method of claim 28, further comprising during the predeterminedperiod of time, extending the predetermined period of time based onanother external action.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein detectingthe external action comprises receiving an indication from a lightsensor of a change in a level of incident radiation on the mobiledevice.
 31. The method of claim 28, wherein detecting the externalaction comprises receiving an indication from a motion detector of atleast one of an acceleration and a movement of the mobile device.
 32. Acomputer-implemented mobile device locating method comprising:determining a current location of a mobile device at a firstpredetermined frequency for a plurality of days; determining the currentlocation at a second predetermined frequency greater than the firstpredetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time in responseto a current time corresponding to at least one prior day's timecorresponding to a location change; and determining the current locationat the first predetermined frequency after the expiration of thepredetermined period of time.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein thecurrent time corresponds to the at least one prior day's time if it issubstantially equal to or a predetermined length of time prior to the atleast one prior day's time, or it is substantially equal to or apredetermined length of time prior to a predetermined range of timeincluding the at least one prior day's time.
 34. A computer-implementedmobile device locating method comprising: receiving from at least one ofa user and an application at least one of an indication of a time periodand an indication of a location. determining a current location of amobile device at a first predetermined frequency; determining thecurrent location at a second predetermined frequency greater than thefirst predetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time inresponse to at least one of the current time corresponding to theindication of the time period and the current location corresponding tothe indication of the location; and determining the current location atthe first predetermined frequency after the expiration of thepredetermined period of time.
 35. A mobile device comprising at leastone computing device including at least one memory comprisinginstructions operable to enable the computing device to perform aprocedure comprising: determining a current location of a mobile deviceat a first predetermined frequency; comparing the current location witha prior determined location to detect a location change; determining thecurrent location at a second predetermined frequency greater than thefirst predetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time inresponse to the location change; determining the current location at thefirst predetermined frequency after the expiration of the predeterminedperiod of time.
 36. A computer-implemented mobile device locating methodcomprising: detecting at least one of a change in a source of signalscorresponding to a predetermined protocol received by a mobile deviceand a change in a strength of signals corresponding to a predeterminedprotocol received by the mobile device; and determining a currentlocation of the mobile device in response to detecting the at least oneof the change in a source of signals corresponding to the predeterminedprotocol received by the mobile device and the change in the strength ofsignals corresponding to the predetermined protocol received by themobile device.
 37. The computer implemented method of claim 36, furthercomprising detecting a cell sector change and determining the currentlocation of the mobile device in response to detecting the cell sectorchange.
 38. The computer implemented method of claim 36, whereindetecting the at least one of the change in a source of signalscorresponding to the predetermined protocol received by the mobiledevice and the change in the strength of signals corresponding to thepredetermined protocol received by the mobile device comprises detectinga change in at least one of a Wi-Fi™, Bluetooth™, and Zigbee™ protocolsignals.
 39. The computer implemented method of claim 36, furthercomprising determining the current location of the mobile device at apredetermined frequency for a predetermined period of time in responseto detecting the at least one of the change in a source of signalscorresponding to the predetermined protocol received by the mobiledevice and the change in the strength of signals corresponding to thepredetermined protocol received by the mobile device.